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What is Acne?
Acne is a common skin condition that occurs when hair follicles become clogged with oil and dead skin cells. This blockage leads to the formation of pimples, blackheads, whiteheads, and, in some cases, more severe forms like cysts and nodules. Acne is most prevalent during puberty due to hormonal changes that cause the skin's oil glands to produce more sebum. However, it can affect individuals of all ages. Factors like genetics, diet, stress, and environmental elements such as humidity and pollution can also contribute to the development and severity of acne.
Causes of Acne
Diet
High Glycaemic Foods: Sugary and refined carb-rich foods can spike blood sugar and insulin levels, boosting oil production and potentially triggering acne.
Dairy Products: Dairy may worsen acne by influencing insulin and hormone levels, leading to increased sebum production and clogged pores.
Certain Fats: Diets high in unhealthy fats and omega-6 fatty acids can cause inflammation, which may contribute to acne.
Stress - Stress activates the body's stress response, which leads to the release of cortisol and other stress hormones. Cortisol can increase the skin's oil production, creating an environment that is more prone to acne. Additionally, stress can cause existing acne to worsen, as it may also influence behaviors like touching the face more frequently or neglecting skincare routines.
Medications
Corticosteroids: Reduce inflammation but can increase skin oil production, causing acne.
Testosterone: Stimulates sebaceous glands, leading to more sebum and acne.
Lithium: Disrupts skin cell turnover, leading to clogged pores and worsening acne.
Genetics - If acne runs in your family, you are more likely to develop it yourself. Genetics influence several factors related to acne, such as how your skin responds to hormones, the size and activity of your oil glands, and how quickly your skin sheds dead cells. These inherited traits can make your pores more prone to clogging, leading to an increased risk of acne. Additionally, if close relatives have had severe or persistent acne, you may be more likely to experience similar challenges.
Poor Hygiene - Infrequent face washing allows dirt, oil, and dead skin cells to build up, clogging pores and promoting acne-causing bacteria. Using dirty towels or pillowcases can transfer these impurities back onto your skin, worsening breakouts. Regularly washing your face and changing towels and pillowcases are key to preventing acne.
Types of Acne
Whiteheads - Small, closed pores that are clogged with oil and dead skin cells. They appear as white or flesh-colored bumps on the skin and do not have an opening, so they stay under the surface.
Blackheads - Open pores that are clogged with excess oil and dead skin cells. The exposed surface turns black due to oxidation, giving them their characteristic appearance.
Papules - Small, red, inflamed bumps that develop when the walls surrounding the pores break down due to severe inflammation. They are typically tender to the touch and do not contain pus.
Cysts - The most severe form of acne, cysts are large, pus-filled lumps that form deep under the skin. They are painful and can lead to significant scarring if not treated properly. Cystic acne often requires professional medical intervention.
Nodules - Large, painful lumps that form deep within the skin when clogged pores become severely inflamed. Unlike papules and pustules, nodules are hard to the touch and can persist for weeks, often requiring medical treatment.
Pustules - Similar to papules, they are filled with pus, making them appear white or yellow at the center with a red base. Pustules are often referred to as "pimples."
Acne Treatments
Medication
For many people, achieving clear skin often starts with topical treatments that help decrease oil production, fight bacteria, and encourage the shedding of dead skin cells. For more severe cases, oral medications provide a systemic approach by addressing acne from within. It's crucial to understand that these treatments may take time to be effective and could have side effects, highlighting the importance of seeking professional advice.
Laser
Laser acne treatment has become a highly effective, non-invasive solution for both acne and its scars. Lasers work by reaching deeper layers of the skin to decrease oil production, eliminate acne-causing bacteria, and promote collagen production, all while preserving the skin's surface. This approach is ideal for those who want minimal downtime and discomfort.
Chemical Peels
Chemical peels work by removing old, dead skin cells and bacteria from the skin’s surface, creating space for new skin to develop. This process can improve acne, acne scars, and pigmentation issues. Additionally, chemical peels can be combined with laser treatments to enhance overall results.
Microneeding
Microneedling involves creating tiny injuries in the skin to trigger the body's natural healing response and boost collagen production. This process is especially beneficial for treating acne scars, as it helps to smooth and revitalize the skin's surface.